Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man, a man inscribed in a circle and a square — Vitruvian ManLeonardo da Vinci · c. 1490

Copernicus's heliocentric diagram from De revolutionibus orbium coelestium — The Sun at the centreNicolaus Copernicus · 1543

An anatomical figure from Vesalius's Fabrica — De humani corporis fabricaAndreas Vesalius · 1543

The Toruń portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus — Nicolaus CopernicusToruń portrait · c. 1580

Kepler's model of the planetary orbits as nested Platonic solids — Mysterium CosmographicumJohannes Kepler · 1596

Galileo's ink-wash drawings of the Moon's phases, made at the telescope — The Moon through a telescopeGalileo Galilei · 1609

Portrait of Galileo Galilei by Justus Sustermans — Galileo GalileiJustus Sustermans · 1636

Robert Hooke's compound microscope, engraved for Micrographia — Hooke's microscopeRobert Hooke · 1665

Robert Hooke's engraving of a flea seen through a microscope — A flea, from MicrographiaRobert Hooke · 1665

Robert Hooke's engraving of cork seen through a microscope, the plate where he named the cell — Cork cells, from MicrographiaRobert Hooke · 1665

Jan Verkolje's portrait of the microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek — Antonie van LeeuwenhoekJan Verkolje · c. 1680

The title page of Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica — Principia MathematicaIsaac Newton · 1687

Portrait of Isaac Newton by Godfrey Kneller — Isaac NewtonGodfrey Kneller · 1689

Johann Kerseboom's portrait of the chemist Robert Boyle — Robert BoyleJohann Kerseboom · c. 1689

Maria Sibylla Merian's plate of blue morpho butterflies with their caterpillar and pupa on a Surinam plant — Metamorphosis insectorum SurinamensiumMaria Sibylla Merian · 1705

Jakob Emanuel Handmann's portrait of Leonhard Euler — Leonhard EulerJakob Emanuel Handmann · 1753

Alexander Roslin's portrait of Carl Linnaeus — Carl LinnaeusAlexander Roslin · 1775

Joseph-Siffred Duplessis's portrait of Benjamin Franklin — Benjamin FranklinJoseph-Siffred Duplessis · c. 1785

Patterns of sand on vibrating plates, as Ernst Chladni first showed them — Chladni figuresErnst Chladni · 1787

Jacques-Louis David's portrait of the chemists Antoine and Marie-Anne Lavoisier — Antoine and Marie-Anne LavoisierJacques-Louis David · 1788

Marie-Anne Paulze Lavoisier's engraving of the apparatus for Lavoisier's experiments on combustion — Lavoisier's laboratory apparatusMarie-Anne Paulze Lavoisier · 1789

A plate from Galvani's De viribus electricitatis showing his frog-leg experiment — Frog legs and electricityLuigi Galvani · 1791

An engraving of Volta's pile, discs of zinc and copper stacked with wet card — The first batteryAlessandro Volta · 1800

James Northcote's portrait of Edward Jenner, who made the first vaccine — Edward JennerJames Northcote · 1803

Benjamin West's painting of Benjamin Franklin's kite experiment — Franklin draws electricity from the skyBenjamin West · c. 1816

View from the Window at Le Gras, the oldest surviving camera photograph — The oldest surviving photographNicéphore Niépce · 1827

John James Audubon's plate of Carolina parakeets, a species now extinct — Carolina parakeets, The Birds of AmericaJohn James Audubon · 1828

Thomas Phillips's portrait of the chemist John Dalton — John DaltonThomas Phillips · 1835

Darwin's notebook sketch of a branching tree of life, headed I think — “I think”: the first tree of lifeCharles Darwin · 1837

Gaetano Bonatti's engraved portrait of Alessandro Volta — Alessandro VoltaGaetano Bonatti · 1837

Daguerre's daguerreotype of a Paris boulevard, with the first people ever photographed — Boulevard du TempleLouis Daguerre · 1838

Watercolour portrait of Ada Lovelace — Ada LovelaceAlfred Edward Chalon · c. 1840

Christian Albrecht Jensen's portrait of Carl Friedrich Gauss — Carl Friedrich GaussChristian Albrecht Jensen · 1840

Portrait of Michael Faraday by Thomas Phillips — Michael FaradayThomas Phillips · 1842

Portrait of the fossil hunter Mary Anning with her dog on the shore at Lyme Regis — Mary Anningbefore 1842

Joseph Karl Stieler's portrait of Alexander von Humboldt — Alexander von HumboldtJoseph Karl Stieler · 1843

John Gould's drawings of the heads of four Galápagos finches — Darwin's finchesJohn Gould · 1845

John Snow's map of cholera deaths around the Broad Street pump in Soho — The cholera mapJohn Snow · 1854

Florence Nightingale's rose diagrams of deaths in the Crimean War — Causes of mortality in the armyFlorence Nightingale · 1858

Henry Hering's photograph of Florence Nightingale — Florence NightingaleHenry Hering · c. 1860

Maxwell's three-colour photograph of a tartan ribbon — The first colour photographJames Clerk Maxwell · 1861

Photograph of Gregor Mendel — Gregor Mendelc. 1862

Photograph of Charles Darwin by Julia Margaret Cameron — Charles DarwinJulia Margaret Cameron · c. 1868

Mendeleev's periodic table of the elements — The periodic tableDmitri Mendeleev · 1871

Muybridge's sequence of a galloping horse, frame by frame — The Horse in MotionEadweard Muybridge · 1878

Thomas Edison's patent drawing of the incandescent electric lamp — The electric lamp patentThomas Edison · 1880

An engraving of James Clerk Maxwell by G. J. Stodart — James Clerk MaxwellG. J. Stodart · 1882

Photograph of Dmitri Mendeleev — Dmitri Mendeleev1890s

Napoleon Sarony's photograph of Nikola Tesla — Nikola TeslaNapoleon Sarony · c. 1890

Photograph of Louis Pasteur by Paul Nadar — Louis PasteurPaul Nadar · before 1895

Wilhelm Röntgen's X-ray of his wife Anna Bertha's hand, showing her ring — Hand mit RingenWilhelm Röntgen · 1895

Photograph of the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace — Alfred Russel WallaceLondon Stereoscopic Company · c. 1895

Photograph of the astronomer Henrietta Swan Leavitt — Henrietta Swan Leavittc. 1898

Ramón y Cajal's drawing of Purkinje and granule cells from a pigeon's cerebellum — Purkinje cellsSantiago Ramón y Cajal · 1899

Nikola Tesla's magnifying transmitter throwing sparks in his Colorado Springs laboratory — Tesla's Colorado Springs labDickenson V. Alley · 1899

Photograph of the neuroscientist Santiago Ramón y Cajal — Santiago Ramón y Cajal1899

Photograph of the microbiologist Robert Koch — Robert Kochc. 1900

The Wright Flyer lifting off at Kitty Hawk — The first powered flightJohn T. Daniels · 1903

Ernst Haeckel's plate of jellyfish, Discomedusae — Kunstformen der NaturErnst Haeckel · 1904

Photograph of the mathematician Emmy Noether — Emmy Noetherbefore 1910

Photograph of the agricultural scientist George Washington Carver — George Washington Carverc. 1910

The total solar eclipse of 1919, photographed to measure the bending of starlight — The eclipse that tested relativityFrank Dyson, Arthur Eddington · 1919

Photograph of Marie Curie — Marie CurieHenri Manuel · c. 1920

Photograph of the mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan — Srinivasa Ramanujanbefore 1920

Photograph of Albert Einstein — Albert EinsteinFerdinand Schmutzer · 1921

Photograph of Niels Bohr — Niels BohrLagrelius & Westphal · c. 1922

Louis Bachrach's photograph of Thomas Edison — Thomas EdisonLouis Bachrach · c. 1922

Jagadish Chandra Bose with his apparatus in front of a blackboard — Jagadish Chandra BoseAgence Meurisse · 1926

The physicists of the 1927 Solvay Conference on electrons and photons — The Solvay ConferenceBenjamin Couprie · 1927

Photograph of Alan Turing aged 16 — Alan Turingc. 1928

Carl Anderson's cloud chamber photograph of the first positron, curving through a lead plate — The first positronCarl D. Anderson · 1932

Photograph of Max Planck — Max Planck1933

Photograph of the physicist Enrico Fermi at a control panel — Enrico FermiU.S. Department of Energy · 1943–49

Photograph of the marine biologist Rachel Carson — Rachel CarsonU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service · 1944

Lise Meitner lecturing at the Catholic University in Washington, D.C. — Lise MeitnerSmithsonian Institution · 1946

Glen Beck and Betty Snyder programming the ENIAC computer — Programming ENIACU.S. Army · c. 1947

The geneticist Barbara McClintock at her microscope in her laboratory — Barbara McClintockScience Service · 1947

A replica of Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite — Sputnik 1NSSDC · 1957

The physicist Chien-Shiung Wu in her laboratory at Columbia University — Chien-Shiung WuScience Service · 1963

Earth rising over the Moon's horizon, photographed from Apollo 8 — EarthriseWilliam Anders, Apollo 8 · 1968

The Saturn V rocket carrying Apollo 11 lifting off — Apollo 11 lifts offNASA · 1969

Buzz Aldrin standing on the Moon, photographed by Neil Armstrong — A man on the MoonNeil Armstrong, Apollo 11 · 1969

The whole Earth photographed from Apollo 17 — The Blue MarbleApollo 17 · 1972

Photograph of the NASA mathematician Katherine Johnson — Katherine JohnsonNASA · 1983

Commodore Grace Hopper in U.S. Navy uniform — Grace HopperJames S. Davis · 1984

The Earth as a tiny point of light in a sunbeam, photographed by Voyager 1 from beyond Neptune — Pale Blue DotVoyager 1 · 1990

Thousands of distant galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field — The Hubble Deep FieldNASA, Hubble · 1995

The Pillars of Creation in the Eagle Nebula, photographed by Hubble — Pillars of CreationNASA, Hubble · 1995

Saturn and its rings, photographed by the Cassini spacecraft — Saturn from CassiniNASA, JPL, Cassini · 2008

The galaxy cluster SMACS 0723 and thousands of galaxies behind it, from the James Webb Space Telescope — Webb's First Deep FieldNASA, ESA, CSA, STScI · 2022

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AI agents run closed-loop experimental campaigns from real laboratories in biology, chemistry, and materials, designing each round of experiments and learning from the results.
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Cost vs. resolution rateAutonomous Science Bench 0.1

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Protein helices drawn as glowing wireframe ribbons, salmon fading to teal — Protein engineering

The blue cells and silver grid lines of a solar panel — Photovoltaics

Neurons glowing red and green under a fluorescence microscope — Neuroscience

Swirling blue cloud bands of Jupiter, photographed by NASA's Juno — Planetary science

The striped pattern of a separating polymer mixture — Polymers

Blue DNA double helices rising through the frame, more fading behind — Genomics

The crossing Widmanstätten pattern of an iron-nickel meteorite — Metals & alloys

Gold line drawings of ginkgo leaves overlapping on a dark ground — Plant science

Gold and silver atoms packed across a catalyst surface — Catalysis & electrocatalysis

A crystal of trapped ions glowing in a hexagonal lattice — Quantum materials

Cells marked by a fluorescent small-molecule probe — Drug discovery

A branching snow crystal photographed by Wilson Bentley — Crystallization

Diatoms of many shapes under a microscope — Ocean science

The wiring of an integrated circuit in a scanning electron micrograph — Semiconductors

Bacterial colonies growing on a red agar plate — Synthetic biology

Crystals shining in polarized light — Reaction chemistry

The blue bands of a polished agate — Geoscience

A pink kunzite crystal, the lithium mineral spodumene — Energy storage

E. coli bacteria in a scanning electron micrograph — Microbiology

A tangle of carbon nanotubes in an electron micrograph — Nanomaterials

Translucent blue cells, each nucleus glowing inside its membrane — Virtual cell

A map of the crystal grains in a metal, each grain a different color — Advanced manufacturing

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ASB 0.1 · 9 agent setups · 6 tasks

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